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proxy, also referred to as proxy, also referred to as proxy or proxy server, is a server software that acts acting as an intermediary between client and server over the internet. Without an intermediary, a user would make a request to purchase something direct to a server, and servers would then serve the resource directly back to the client. Although this method is easy to understand and implement, adding proxies provides advantages such as increased security, performance, privacy, and much more. A proxy that is a pass-through layer is a gatekeeper for the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking generally speaking, the bundle of server hardware and proxy software is described as proxy servers. But, this article will focus on proxy servers which are usually referred to as software, as well as those used to complement web servers. We will present a summary of the two primary kinds of proxy servers, which are a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own unique usage scenario, which is often misunderstood because of the identical terms.




This article will provide you with an understanding of what proxy services and their subtypes are, as as how they are useful in the typical configurations. In this article, you will be able to identify the situations in which you can benefit from a proxy, and determine the most appropriate alternative between reverse and forward proxy options in any given scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, also referred to as an open proxy is an agent for the user who wants to transmit a request over the internet to an the server that originated it. In this situation, it's the situation that all requests made by the user would prefer to be routed direct towards the forward proxy. This forward proxy acting in instead of the user will review the request. It will determine if the client is able to handle requests through this specific forward proxy. Then, it will either reject requests or redirect it to the source server. The client is not able to have direct access to the internet but it is able to access the information that the forward proxy gives the client access.




The primary reason for people to utilize forward proxy servers is to increase privacy or anonymity on the internet. A forward proxy is able to browse the internet in place of clients, and in the process, it will use an IP address that is different from the original IP address that the client uses.




Based on the way it was configured according to the way it was configured forward proxy can grant you various features as well as the ability to:




Stay clear of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You will be able to identify any restrictions based upon your geographic area.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that offer central security as well as permission-based access, like at work. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy layer, administrators can grant access only to specific people to connect on the internet, which is filtered by a common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place on the client layer that could comprise a variety of machines that have different user and environmental settings, a firewall may be set up on top of an intermediate layer.




It is important to remember that forward proxy servers have to be manually set up before they can be used for use, while reverse proxy servers are not able to be seen by users. Based on the fact that an IP address for a user is passed to the server which originated it via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity can be granted or kept in the dark.




There are many alternatives to think about for forward proxies:




Apache A well-known, open-source web server offering forward proxy functionality.


Nginx: Another well-known open source server for hosting websites with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete web server service. Check out our guide on how you can configure Squid proxy so that it allows private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to ensure it is more suitable for scenarios such as peer-to -peer traffic. You may also want to examine how you can set up Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as a representative of a web server, which handles the incoming requests of clients on behalf. The web server can be one or more servers. Additionally, it can be an application server, such as Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, the request for an application comes from a user on the internet at large. In most cases the request will be sent directly to the server hosting the information the client is seeking. However, a reverse proxy functions as an intermediary to isolate Web server from any direct interaction with the open internet.




From the point of view of the user's viewpoint, interfacing via reverse proxy is the same as working with Web server in direct communication. It works the same as the web server, and the client cannot tell the difference. The client can request the resource and is then provided with it, without any additional configuration on the part of the client.




Reverse proxies grant certain features, such as:




Secured centrally to protect Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic that is incoming by implementing rules that you establish.


Added functionality for caching.




While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse-proxies do this function to their web server layer and not to the client layer. Instead of focusing on maintaining firewalls at the web server layer which may contain multiple servers that have different configurations The majority of firewall security is focused on the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the detachment of the responsibility to interact with firewalls and connecting with requests from customers from web servers enables them to concentrate on meeting the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers that are running via a reverse proxy the reverse proxy may also be accountable for the direction in the requests that are directed to which server. There may be several web servers serving identical resources, each offering different types of resource or a mix of the two. They can use an HTTP protocol to operate as a standard internet server, however they could also incorporate protocols for applications such as FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy servers redirecting visitors to a particular servers based on the kind of resource they are looking for, or to adhere to specific rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies are also able to make use of their position prior to web servers, by providing the capability of caching. Large static assets can be in a position to be set up using rules for caching to avoid the web server from being hit on every request. There are solutions offering the possibility of providing static files in a direct manner without connecting to the web server in any way. Additionally, the reverse proxy can manage compression of these assets.




The renowned Nginx website server a very popular reverse proxy option. Although Apache has a reverse proxy solution it is not the only one. Apache web server is equipped with reverse proxy feature, which is a distinct option of Apache however Nginx was originally designed and geared towards the reverse proxy function.



The difference in Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Examples



Because "forward" and "reverse" are associated with directionality, they can also lead to false comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic. They can be confusing as both types of proxy are able to handle requests as well as responses. The best method of separating reverse and forward proxies is to look at the requirements of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy could be helpful when building a solution to deliver web-based applications on the internet. They act as your servers when you are on the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is put in front of the user for private use, or even in a working environment. They act as your client's proxy when you use the internet.




The ability to differentiate by the use of instead of focusing on similar naming conventions will ensure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



This article explains what a proxy is along with two kinds, specifically the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and an examination of beneficial features were used to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested in knowing more about the implementation of proxy services, be sure to check out our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as a web service and reverse proxy within Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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