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The term "proxy" is a reference to a proxy or proxy server which is a server application which acts to act as an intermediary for client and a server on the internet. Without the use of proxy servers, users would make a request resources direct to the server and the server would return the resource directly back to the user. Although this method is easy to comprehend and utilize, using proxies has benefits such as enhanced performance as well as privacy, security and many more. As an additional pass-through layer the proxy acts as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.

Generally speaking, the combined combination of hardware and software for servers coupled with the installed proxy software is also often referred too as proxy servers. This article will focus on the types of proxies that are typically thought to be software, and specifically, in relation with web server. This article will give an explanation of two types, namely one being a forward proxy and the reverse. reverse proxy. Each type has a different usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to the overlapping terminology.

This article will provide the knowledge of the different types of proxies, which subtypes they belong to and how they work in a variety of configurations. Through this article, you'll learn to recognize the situations where a proxy is beneficial, and select the best option between reverse proxy and forward proxy, in any scenario.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy also called an open proxy, is a means of intermediary for clients trying to make a request via the internet to a source server. In this case, the entire process of sending requests made by the user is instead made through the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting in place as the customer, is able to look at the request. At the beginning, it will determine if the client is able to handle requests via this particular forward proxy. Then, it will either reject requests or redirect it to the origin server. The client is not allowed an internet connection directly. It has access to only what the forward proxy permits for it access to.

A common use case of forward proxies is to gain greater privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy connects to the internet using the user and, in doing so, it could use a different IP address to that of the initial IP address of the client.

Based on the way it has been configured in accordance with the way it was configured, a forward proxy could provide a variety of functions and permit you to:

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  Avoid tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Find limitations based on your location.
  
  

Forward proxies also are used in systems that rely on central security as well as permission-based access, such as in workplaces. When all internet traffic passes through an open forward proxy layer administrators are able to grant access only to a select group of people to connect on the internet. This is then filtered by a standard firewall. Instead of creating security firewalls at the user layer, which could be used by multiple computer systems with different configurations and settings, firewalls can be installed at this layer to forward proxy data.

It is important to remember that forward proxies must be configured manually and reverse proxies could not be noticed by the user. Depending on the type of IP address of a client is sent to the server from which it came from by the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.

There are a number of possibilities to look into for forward proxy:

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  Apache A well-known, open-source web server, that can provide forward proxy functions.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another well-known open-source server for web hosting with forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Squid: An open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the full webserver system. It is possible to refer to our step-by-step guide on how to installing Squid proxy to enable private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward Proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it better suited for usage in situations like peer-topeer traffic. You may also want to learn how to setup a Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary between web servers, which handles the incoming requests of customers on its behalf. This web server can serve as a one server, or a number of servers. Additionally, it can be used for application servers such as Gunicorn. In any event it is possible to send a request from the Internet at large. Most often the request will be sent directly to the web server and include the information the user is seeking. Reverse proxy, however, serves as an intermediary securing the server from direct communication with the internet's open.

From the consumer's point perspective, the experience of working with reverse proxy isn't a lot different than using the server on its own. It's exactly the same thing, however the client isn't able to discern the difference. The client is able to make a request for the resource and it is provided with it, without any additional configuration needed by the client.

Reverse proxy providers offer features such as:

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  Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.
  
  
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  Incoming traffic is directed based upon rules you set.
  
  
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  The caching functionality is now available to users.
  
  

While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy services, reverse proxy providers this service to the web server layer but not to the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls at Web server layers, which could comprise multiple servers with different configurations, most of the firewall security could be directed towards reverse proxy layers. Furthermore, removing the responsibility of working with firewalls and interacting with requests from customers outside of web servers lets them concentrate on the needs of their clients.

If there are multiple servers running as a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also manages which requests go to which server. There may be several web servers that provide the identical service, but each providing various kinds of resources or a combination of both. These servers could be running the HTTP protocol, which is a standard web server. However, they can include other protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. It is possible to configure a reverse proxy to direct visitors to specific server depending on the service being requested, or to follow specific guidelines for traffic load.

Reverse proxies can also be able to gain advantage from their position before web servers, by offering the capability to store data. The large static files can be configured with caching rules to ensure that they do not prevent Web servers from getting hit with every request. Certain software solutions let you provide static files directly by not connecting with the website server. Furthermore the reverse proxy may manage the compression of these files.

The popular Nginx web server is also an efficient reverse proxy option. While you can use it, Apache web server as reverse proxy capabilities as an alternative option for Apache however Nginx was initially designed and is focused specifically on reverse proxy features.

Differentiating Between Forward and Reverse Proxy The Case

Since "forward" and "reverse" are associated with directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic the labels could be confusing as both kinds of proxies are able to handle requests and responses. Another method of separating between forward and reverse proxy is to study the requirements of the app you're developing.

Reverse proxy could be useful when building an infrastructure to support websites on the internet. They act as your web server for all interactions on the internet.

Forward proxy can be beneficial when it is placed before customers for your own use or within the corporate setting. They are a representation of the customer's data when you interact with them on the internet.

Distinguishing by use case instead of focusing on common naming conventions can assist you in avoiding confusion.

Conclusion

The article explained the purpose of a proxy with two kinds: the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of use and an analysis of useful attributes were used to identify the two kinds of proxy which are reverse and forward. If you're interested to learn more about the benefits of proxies then we recommend you read our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy on Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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