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A proxy, also known as a proxy often referred to as a proxy server, is software which serves as an intermediary between a client and server on the internet. Without proxy, a user would make a request resources directly to a server and it would serve direct to users who requested the resource. While this procedure is easy to understand and implement using proxy services, it may provide benefits in the form of enhanced performance as well as privacy, security and more. In addition to providing a layer of pass-through, a proxy acts as a guardian to the internet between servers and users.

The general set of server hardware and proxy software is often referred to as a proxy server. In this post, we'll concentrate on proxy servers which are usually described as software, as well as in the context of web servers. You will get a breakdown of the two major kinds of proxy servers: the forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has a different application, and is frequently confused due to the similar name convention.

This article will provide you with an idea of the what proxy services and their subtypes are, as well as their value in standard setups. Through this article, you'll understand what circumstances where a reliable proxy can be beneficial and select the best solution in between forward and reverse proxy, based on the circumstances.

Understanding Forward Proxies

A forward proxy, sometimes called an open proxy, also known as an open acts as an intermediary between the client who is trying to send a request via the internet to an source server. In this instance, any request sent by the client will instead be routed straight via the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in the client's stead, will scrutinize the request. First, it will determine whether the client is allowed be able to accept requests through this particular forward proxy. Then, it will deny any request or forward it to the server that originally received it. The client is not able to have connection to any internet. It is able to access only the information that forward proxy grants the client access.

The most popular uses for forward proxies is to improve privacy or security while using the internet. Forward proxy utilizes the internet as the client and in this process, it will use an alternative IP address for the client's original IP address.

Based on how it was configured, based on the configuration forward proxy can provide a range of features depending on the way it's configured and allows you to:

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  Beware of ads that track you.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You will be able to identify any limitations based on your geographic location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also used in systems that provide centralized security as well as permission-based access, like at a workplace. All internet traffic can pass via an open forward proxy, administrators are able to limit access to specific users to the internet, which is protected by a common firewall. In lieu of having firewalls in place for the client layer that may include multiple computers that have different configurations and users it is possible to install an firewall that is located in the front proxy layer.

Take note the forward proxy setting must be set manually for use however reverse proxies will be disregarded from the clients. Based on the fact that an IP address belonging to the user is sent to the server from where it originated by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or kept in the dark.

There are a variety of choices to be considered for forward proxy options:

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  Apache is a well-known open source web server, that offers forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another well-known open-source server used for web hosting with forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid is an open-source forward proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the entire web server. Take a look at our guide on how you can install Squid proxy to connect privately within Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is an forward proxy which makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it better suitable for peer-to-peer communication. You might also want to look at how you can configure Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy functions as the web server, which takes care of incoming requests from customers on behalf of. The web server can represent a single or multiple servers. It could even be an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations an application request comes from a user via the internet. Most of the time, the request would be directed directly to a web server with the resources the user is seeking. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary that isolates your server from interaction with the open internet.

From the point of view of the user's point of view, the process of using reverse proxy isn't different from using a Web server to communicate in direct contact. It's the same thing however the client can't discern the difference. Client requests the resource, which is then followed by the receipt without the need for any additional configurations required for the user.

Reverse proxies provide features such as:

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  A central layer of security to guard the server.
  
  
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  Incoming traffic is directed based on the rules you define.
  
  
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  New feature added to caching.
  
  

While centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy, reverse proxy adds this for only the server layer but not to the client layer. instead of being focused on the maintenance of firewalls at the web server layer which could contain multiple servers and various configurations, the majority of the firewall security is aimed on the reverse proxy level. Also, the removal of the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and interacting with clients who are far from web servers allows them to focus on serving the needs of their customers.

In the event of multiple servers existing through a reverse proxy reverse proxy is also responsible for directing what requests will go through which server. There may be several web servers providing identical content, but offering different kinds of services, or a mix of the two. They could be running the HTTP protocol that is a standard web server, but they can also contain other protocols for application servers, such as FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy settings to direct users to a particular server based on the resource requested or to comply with specific guidelines for the amount of traffic.

Reverse proxies benefit from their location on top of web servers, by providing the ability to cache data. Large static assets can be set up with caching policy to avoid hitting web servers with each request. Some solutions providing the option to serve static content directly without contacting the web server in any way. In addition, the reverse proxy can help compress these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server can also function as a well-known reverse proxy service. Although there is similar functionality that is available in Apache web server, it does include reverse proxy capabilities as an added feature available to Apache however Nginx was designed originally for and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Usage Situations

Because "forward" in addition to "reverse" conveys the notion of directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing since both types of proxy servers process requests and responses. Better yet, the best method to differentiate between both reverse and forward proxies is to research the specifications of the application that you're building.

A reverse proxy can be helpful when building a solution for serving applications that are on the internet. They are your servers when you use the internet.

Forward proxy can be helpful when displayed in front of customers to facilitate your personal use, or even in a work setting. They are a representation of your customer's traffic through any interaction on the internet.

A case-based distinction instead of focusing on the standard naming conventions could help in avoiding confusion.

Conclusion

In this article, we explained what a proxy is, and compared it to the two most common types: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as a review of the beneficial attributes were used to distinguish forward proxies as well as reverse proxies. If you're interested to learn more about implementation of proxies You can read our guide on how to set up Nginx as reverse and web server proxy on Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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