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An proxy or proxy server is a software which acts as an intermediary between a client and server over the internet. Without proxy, a user will send a request to the resource directly to the server, and then the server would provide the requested resource directly to the user. While this is a simple method to grasp and use but adding proxies offers advantages in the form of greater performance, privacy, security, and much more. As an additional layer being able to pass through, proxies function as a safeguard for the internet between servers and clients.

It is generally accepted that the system of server hardware along with the software for proxy installation is usually referred to as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on the proxy servers which are generally described as software as well as those that are used together with web servers. This article will provide a brief overview of the two main types of proxies: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Each has their own use which may be confusing due to the same terminology.

This article will provide you with an understanding of how proxies work and what their subtypes are, as well as their utility in a variety of configurations. Through the article you will know what situations that a proxy can be beneficial, and determine the best choice for forward proxy or reverse proxy depending on the circumstance.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy also known in the context of open proxy. An open proxy acts as a representative for a client who attempts to connect online to an source server. In this situation the entire attempt to send requests from the client will be directed by the forward-proxy. The forward proxy, acting in its place as the customer, will examine the request. First, it will verify if the client has been authorized to transmit requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then deny a application and send it back to its origin server. The client does not have direct access to the internet. It is able to access only the information that the forward proxy allows it access to.

One of the most common uses for forward proxies is greater security or privacy online. Forward proxy connects to the internet in place of a client and in this process it utilizes an alternate IP address from that of the client's original IP address.

Based on the way it has been configured according to the method of configuration forward proxy can provide a variety of functions dependent on the way it's configured, which allows users to:

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  Beware of ad-tracker.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Identify restrictions based on your location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that use centralized security and dependent access, such as in workplaces. If all traffic on the internet flows through a common forward proxy layer, the administrator can restrict access to a specific group of users to the internet filtered through an common firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place for the client layer which may comprise several devices with diverse environments and users, there is the possibility to have a firewall located at the layer that forwards proxy traffic.

It is important to remember that forward proxy servers have to be manually configured for use, whereas reverse proxies may be hidden from clients. Depending on the type of IP address of the client, it will be passed to the server that created it by the forward proxy privacy and security may be granted or left hidden.

There are many choices to think about for forward proxies:

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  Apache The most well-known open source web server that provides forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx is another well-known open-source web server with forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid is an open-source forward proxy which uses the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide a complete Web server app. You can read our instructions on how to set up Squid proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP, making it better for use in situations like peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to understand how to configure the Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy functions as an agent for web servers that handle incoming requests by clients on behalf of. The web server could consist of a single server, or multiple servers. In addition, it could serve as an app server such as Gunicorn. In any case, the request will come from a user on the internet in general. The majority of the time, your request is transmitted directly to the web server, which is equipped with all the resources that the user is requires. Contrarily reverse proxy functions as an intermediary that isolates Web servers and their direct communication with the internet.

From a consumer's point the consumer's perspective, working with reverse proxy is not different than interacting with an online server direct. It's the same thing however the user cannot discern the distinction. The client requests this resource and it is then granted without additional configurations that need to be performed by the customer.

Reverse proxies can provide features such as:

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  A centralized layer of security to guard the server.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic inbound based on rules you can create.
  
  
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  A new feature to cache is now available.
  
  

While centralized security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this to only the server layer, but not the layer that clients use. instead of maintaining firewalls at Web server layers that can include multiple servers and various configurations, the majority of security measures for firewalls are targeted towards the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of communicating with firewalls and communicating with customers who aren't connected to web servers permits the firewall to focus on meeting the requirements of their clients.

If there are several servers running in reverse proxy, it determines which requests are sent towards which servers. Many web servers may be operating within the exact same system and serving various kinds of services or a mix of the two. They use the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server. However, they could also be equipped with applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy servers to guide the clients to specific servers according to the type of resource they are seeking, or to follow certain rules regarding traffic load.

Reverse proxies are also able to gain advantage from their position before web servers, by offering caching capabilities. Large static assets can to be set up with caching rules to avoid having to connect with web servers on every request. Certain solutions offer the option to directly serve static files without having to contact the server once. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can manage compression of these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server can also function as a reliable reverse proxy service. Although it is real it's true Apache website server equipped with a reverse proxy which is an additional option for Apache but Nginx was originally built for and focuses on reverse proxy capabilities.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Examples

Because "forward" and "reverse" have connotations of directionality and false comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic. It can be confusing since both types of proxies process requests and respond. An alternative approach to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to consider the requirements of the application that you're working on.

Reverse proxy can be useful in the case of developing a solution to offer web-based solutions on the internet. They act as your servers in any interactions through the Internet.

Forward proxy applications are advantageous when put in front of a client for your personal usage as well as in an office context. They represent your customers when you connect to the internet.

Utilizing case-based differentiation instead of focusing on standard naming conventions will assist you to avoid confusion.

Conclusion

This article explains the definition of a proxy along with two types: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as an exploration of the benefits were used to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested to learn more about the implementation of proxies we recommend you read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy using Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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