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A proxy or proxy server is a software which acts in the middle between a client and server via the internet. Without the use of a proxy, users will send a request to the resource directly to a server, and then the server will serve the requested resource directly to the user. Although this method is easy to grasp and use but adding proxies offers advantages, such as greater performance, privacy, security, and much more. As an additional layer of being able to pass through, proxies function as a guardian for the internet between servers and clients.

In general, the bundled system of server hardware along with the software to install proxy servers is usually referred to as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on the proxy servers which are generally described as software as and those employed to complement web servers. This article will provide a brief overview of the two main kinds of proxy servers, namely the one that is forward and the reverse proxy. Each has its own usage that can cause confusion due to a similar terminology.

This article will give you an idea of the what proxies and their subtypes are, and their benefits in a range of configurations. After reading in this post, you'll know how to identify the scenarios where proxies are beneficial, and determine the best option for forward proxy or reverse proxy based on the situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy, also referred to by the name of the open proxy acts as a representative for a client who is trying to send an online request to a source server. In this case, the whole attempt to send requests from the client will be controlled by the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting in its place as the customer, will examine the request. First, it will verify if the client has been authorized to transmit requests using this particular forward proxy. It will then reject an application and send it back to its source server. The client is not able to have direct access to the internet. It is able to access only the information that the forward proxy permits it to access.

The most frequent use of forward proxy is increased privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy connects to the internet in place of a client. in this process, it uses an alternate IP address to the client's initial IP address.

Based on the way it is set up in accordance with the configuration forward proxy can provide a variety of functions dependent on the way it's set up, allowing you to:

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  Beware of ad-tracker.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Find out the restrictions that apply to your location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that rely on central security and permission -based access, like in workplaces. If all traffic on the internet flows through an common forward proxy layer, a administrator is able to limit access to only a small group of users to the internet filtered through an common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place for the client layer that may comprise several computers with various environments and users, you can set up a firewall at the front proxy layer.

It is important to remember that forward proxy servers must be set up manually for be used, while reverse proxies can remain unnoticed by clients. Based on the type of IP address the client, it will be passed to the server that created it via forward proxy, privacy and security may be granted or left in the dark.

There are many options to be considered for forward proxies:

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  Apache is a well-known open-source web server with forward proxy capability.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another well-known open-source web server that has forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid is an open-source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't come with a complete website server software. You can read our instructions on how to configure Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP, making it better suited to use in instances like peer-to-peer communication. You can also discover how to set up an Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy functions as an agent for a web server that handles the incoming requests of clients on behalf of. Web servers can be a single server or several servers. In addition, it could be an application server such as Gunicorn. In any case, the request will come from a user on the internet in general. The majority of the time requests will get transmitted directly to the web server, which is equipped with all the resources that the user is requires. Contrarily reverse proxy acts as an intermediary and isolates Web servers from direct communication with the internet.

From a consumer's point of the consumer's perspective, working with reverse proxy is not different than interacting with an online server direct. It's pretty much the same however the user cannot discern the distinction. The client requests this resource and is then granted without additional configurations that need to be performed by the customer.

Reverse proxies offer features like:

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  A centralized layer of security that protects the server.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic that is inbound on rules that you set up.
  
  
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  A new feature for caching has been added.
  
  

While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy, reverse proxies do this feature only to the server layer, but not the layer that clients use. Instead of establishing firewalls on Web server layers which can comprise multiple servers and different configurations, most security measures for firewalls are targeted towards the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of interacting with a firewall and communicating with requests from clients outside of web servers permits the firewall to concentrate on meeting the requirements of their customers.

In the case of several servers running in a reverse proxy it also determines which requests are sent towards which servers. A number of web servers could be running on the same server, providing different types of resources or a mix of both. These servers utilize the HTTP protocol, which is similar to a traditional web server. However, they could also be equipped with application server protocols such as FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy servers to guide the clients to specific servers based on the type of resource they're seeking, or to comply with certain rules for traffic load.

Reverse proxies can also be able to benefit from their positioning prior to web servers, through providing caching functionality. Large static assets can to be set up with caching rules, so that you do not need to contact web servers every time you request. Certain software solutions allow you to serve static assets directly without having to contact the web server even once. Furthermore reverse proxy solutions can manage compression of these assets.

The renowned Nginx web server is also used as a powerful reverse proxy service. Although it is real it is true that Apache web server is equipped with a reverse proxy that is an additional option for Apache however Nginx was originally built for and focuses on reverse proxy functionality.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Examples

Because "forward" and "reverse" come with connotations of directionality as well as false comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic and can be confusing as both types of proxy services process requests and respond. A better approach to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to take into account the requirements of the application that you're working on.

A reverse proxy is useful when you're creating a solution for offering web-based solutions on the internet. They serve as your servers when you interact with the Internet.

Forward proxy applications are useful when they are presented to the client for your personal usage or in a professional context. They represent your clients whenever you use the internet.

The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the common naming conventions can assist you in avoiding confusion.

Conclusion

This article clarified what a proxy is with two kinds: forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and an exploration of beneficial features were used to distinguish between forward and reverse proxies. If you're interested in exploring the ways to implement proxies we recommend you follow our guide on how to set up Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy on Apache running an Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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